How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and any history of ADHD. He will also examine your family history.
A lot of people are diagnosed with ADHD later in life. A major event, such as pregnancy or a breakup, triggers awareness of the problem. The first step in addressing ADHD symptoms and improving functioning is to receive a diagnosis.
Characteristics
Many children have difficulty being still, waiting for their turn, and paying attention at school or in other settings, children who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD have these issues to a degree that significantly affects their functioning at home, in school or at work. The signs of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity should be present for at least 6 months and must be greater than what is expected for the child's age or development level. Additionally, they should be causing significant suffering and difficulties at school, home, work, and in relationships.
A trained health care professional will conduct a clinical assessment to determine the presence of ADHD. This may include a physical examination, and also examining for other conditions that could cause similar symptoms, such as thyroid disease or depression. The doctor will also look at the person's family history as well as review medical, psychiatric, and academic records. Additionally, he will talk to the patient about the symptoms they are experiencing. For children the questions are typically specific to their age and parents may be interviewed as well.
The doctor will apply the American Psychiatric Society's clinical guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in children and adults as laid out in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). He or she will examine the patient's current symptoms as well as past behavior, and look at how they impact their family, social and professional lives. If it is possible the therapist may also examine the person's school and childhood experiences.
When conducting an assessment of adults, a doctor will consider whether they have mental health issues that is co-occurring, as well as whether there is a history of ADHD in the family. Family members of those with the disorder are more likely to develop it themselves.
If a healthcare professional suspects that a patient has ADHD If he or she suspects that someone has ADHD, they will conduct an extensive clinical assessment that includes a review of their current symptoms and requesting that they keep a daily diary of their symptoms for some weeks. He or she may also inquire about any other medical conditions they may have, and then use the DSM-5 symptoms guide to determine if the individual meets any of the ADHD criteria.
Diagnosis
Many health care professionals who are interested in ADHD or have a specialization in mental illness can test and diagnose the disorder. This includes clinical psychologists, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists. Family doctors may also diagnose ADHD in children and adolescents and may refer adults to specialists for a comprehensive evaluation.
A thorough medical examination, including an assessment of hearing and sight, is the first step in diagnosing ADHD. A specialist may suggest the brain scan, also called an EEG-Based Assessment Aid, or NEBA to determine the concentration of beta and theta waves within the brain. This type of scanning is a safe, noninvasive method of screening people for ADHD.
In an interview with the person an examiner reviews the person's medical and psychiatric history dating back to childhood, as well as his current symptoms and coping strategies. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
For how to diagnose adhd and children who are being assessed for ADHD The doctor may request teachers and other individuals who spend much time with the child to complete checklists or questionnaires. They may also ask parents to complete such forms. Adults will often speak to their spouses, coworkers, and other close acquaintances. They may also want to interview someone who has known the person since childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The doctor will determine the length of time that symptoms have been present and whether they cause impairment at home, in the workplace, at school or in any other part of life.
The mental health professional should also look for other disorders that share symptoms with ADHD like depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. The professional should also search for physical causes, like thyroid issues or sleep disorders. A thorough screening will also examine the person's social, emotional and family history.
Treatment
Children suffering from ADHD need to learn how to manage their symptoms. Family members can help with this by encouraging school staff to watch the child with a keen eye, giving positive feedback and being flexible and patient. They can also teach the child relaxation techniques and calming techniques, such as yoga or meditation. Regular physical activity and a healthy diet can enhance the ability of children suffering from ADHD to concentrate and focus. Sugary foods and beverages can aggravate symptoms. They should also make sure they get enough sleep.
The symptoms of ADHD can persist throughout adolescence and even into adulthood. Adults may experience difficulties at work or with relationships. A healthcare professional will conduct an evaluation to determine if someone has ADHD and the severity of it. This evaluation includes an examination of the mind, a physical examination, and interviews with the individual as well as his or her parents, spouses or partners, and other people familiar with the person. The doctor may request an inventory of the person's symptoms and how they affect them. The doctor may also use rating scales and other tests to determine if the person meets standard criteria for ADHD. He or she will also collect a history of any medical problems which could mimic the symptoms of ADHD, such as seizures and thyroid disorders.
If someone is diagnosed as having ADHD the medication will be prescribed to treat symptoms. Stimulants are the most common drugs used to treat ADHD in adults and children. These medications can cause side effects. It is recommended that you take these medications under the supervision of a doctor and with the prescription of a doctor. Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking. Certain drugs can interact with stimulants and trigger dangerous adverse effects. Many individuals with ADHD have to test a variety of types and dosages of medication before finding the one that is right for them.
The following is a list of preventatives.
In some instances, reducing the exposure to environmental triggers may help prevent ADHD symptoms. These triggers can be related to diet, sleep habits and family structure, as well as medication and exercise. A GP can guide you in identifying ways to manage triggers and suggest a dietitian to get nutrition advice or other assistance.
Consult your GP for more information. Beware of nutritional supplements that don't have scientific backing or may interfere with certain medications.
Adults who suspect ADHD should visit a mental health professional like a psychiatrist or psychologist to establish a diagnosis. The doctor will take a thorough history, conduct physical examination and look over medical records to rule out any other possible causes of the symptoms. The therapist will talk to the patient, observe the person's behavior in different situations and employ standard rating scales. The therapist will assess the extent and duration of the core ADHD-related symptoms, as being aware of whether they have a significant impact on the person's daily life.
Most often, therapists will work with the patient and family to improve parenting skills as well as teach time management and other organizational strategies and instruct the patient in metacognitive techniques, which involve the identification and modification of "thinking distortions" that can cause negative moods and perceptions about the lack of choices. Psychologists can prescribe certain medications and collaborate with mental health professionals to provide complete treatment.
Parents can also aid by providing a secure and loving home with clear expectations and rewards, promoting good sleep hygiene and avoiding stimulants. Parents should also encourage their children to be social and work to build a healthy bond with their spouse.
The staff at the school may provide valuable information on the behavior and learning challenges of the child however, they aren't qualified to diagnose ADHD or make treatment decisions. The student's parents and healthcare provider must make these decisions with the support of the teacher.