Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD
Many adults aren't diagnosed until their symptoms create major problems at work, school or home. Health care providers follow the diagnostic criteria of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5).
A thorough evaluation will include ADHD symptom lists and standardized behavior ratings scales. Health care professionals also inquire about family history and go through old school records.
Symptoms
ADHD symptoms can have a negative impact on the daily routine of a person, whether it is at school, home or work. They can be disruptive to relationships and work, leading to financial issues or a driver's license and even create emotional distress for the person. It's normal for people to have trouble concentrating or staying organized from time to the time however, if it becomes a chronic problem and affects daily functioning, a health care provider may be able to determine ADHD.
A health care professional must assess the individual in two different situations, like at home and in school, as well as in workplace and social settings. They need to observe the person in these environments for a minimum of six months and must see that the symptoms are hindering their ability to function. The symptoms must also have begun before the age of 12 years old. Children who meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattentive type of ADHD usually are fidgety, talkative and have excess energy that keeps them from sitting still. They are often unable to wait for their turn and frequently interfere with others or interrupt them.
Children with inattentive ADHD have trouble following directions and staying on task, or sitting still. They are usually distracted or snoozing. They are more likely to be missed and omit learning opportunities, particularly in the elementary school setting which could set for them to fail later in their lives.
The hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is most common in children and involves the presence of at least six symptoms that include extreme restlessness, trouble with paying attention, constant movement or "on the go" behavior, excess energy and talkativeness. They are unable to sit or waiting for their turn, blurt out answers before questions are finished and have trouble managing their emotions.
It's a relief to receive the diagnosis of ADHD however, it's not always an easy process. It's normal to be embarrassed. But, honesty is the best way to go. A diagnosis might be the first time someone has realized their struggles have a label. This knowledge will help them alter the way they view themselves, resulting in positive changes.
Diagnosis
When it concerns ADHD symptoms can manifest at different times for children and adults. In children, the symptoms usually begin in the first grade. For adults, it's a bit later. The symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe. They can also be a combination of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity or more focused on one or the other. In some cases the condition is not properly diagnosed. It could be related to autism or a mood disorders like depression or anxiety.
Talk to your doctor when your child or teen shows indications of ADHD. They will conduct an examination of the body, including audio and vision tests to ensure that there is no other issue. You and your child will be asked to fill out the list of symptoms. They will inquire about what the effects of their symptoms are on their school and personal life. They'll also want you to tell them about any previous issues.
For adults, a healthcare professional who is qualified to diagnose ADHD will use clinical interviews and behavior rating scales or checklists for symptoms to determine if they meet the criteria for diagnosis. Psychological tests may be used to determine your cognitive abilities, as well as how you think and process information. They can also conduct brain scans using the FDA-approved Neuropsychiatric EEG Based Assessment Aid (NEBA) which is a device that measures the activity of certain brain regions that regulate your attention and impulsivity.
They will also look at your medical records to determine if there are any other mental disorders or injuries, for example thyroid or head trauma which can trigger similar symptoms. They might refer you for an extensive evaluation with psychiatrists or psychologists.
You must be suffering from at least six symptoms which started in your childhood or before the age of 12. diagnosis of adhd must be present for at least 6 months and be causing serious problems in your daily functioning. Adults have an upper threshold for diagnosis, however the criteria are the same: You must exhibit at least five symptoms that cause problems with your work, social and home life.
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms and restore functioning at home, school and work. There are a variety of treatment options, including the use of medication and behavioral therapy. Some people find satisfaction by making lifestyle changes like using a planner, a notebook and scheduling their tasks in advance. Some people might benefit from therapies for learning disabilities such as metacognitive therapy, which aids them in improving their problem-solving and organizational abilities or cognitive behavioral treatment that addresses the distortions in thinking that can lead to low self-esteem and negative moods.
Health professionals who are specifically trained to diagnose ADHD can suggest the most effective treatment plan for a patient's situation. They will assess the patient's current symptoms, and if an adult, their previous behaviors and school experiences. They will conduct clinical interviews, behavior ratings scales and symptoms checklists to determine if the person is in compliance with requirements for diagnosing ADHD. They may also inquire about the family history of mental illnesses and physical illnesses. They will ask about the person's moods, behaviors and how they have changed over time.
A diagnosis of ADHD is dependent on the presence of more than six symptoms that begin before age 12 and create difficulties in two or more environments (home school, social situations). The symptoms have to be present for at least six months. In addition, the symptoms must be significantly more difficult than what is expected for a person at that age.
A medical exam is usually done to ensure that the patient doesn't have any other health issues. Doctors will look over the patient's symptoms, as well as their medical and psychiatric background and may recommend an eye examination or hearing test. Some people with ADHD are genetically predisposed to the condition. If the person has a parent or a sibling with ADHD they are at risk of having a 91% chance of being diagnosed with the disorder. It's also common to suffer from a comorbid mood disorder or anxiety disorder that is associated with ADHD. These disorders can be harder to manage than ADHD by itself.
The following is a list of preventions.
Many things, including medical conditions, as well as certain types of learning disabilities can cause similar symptoms to those of ADHD. So it's important to see your health care provider or a mental health professional for an evaluation prior to determining an assessment. This person will ask your child about their symptoms and how they impact their daily lives. They could use checklists or rating scales to determine if your child is ADHD. They may also perform an examination of the body and test for hearing or visual problems. They may also request an EEG brain scan which evaluates beta and theta wave activity to determine changes in your child's brain function.
Children who are diagnosed with ADHD should exhibit symptoms that are significantly more than normal for their age and development level. Hyperactivity, inattention, and/or impulsivity must cause serious problems at school, home or at work. The symptoms must also interfere with your child's social interactions. If your child is suffering from severe or moderate ADHD they will require medication to live a normal life.
Children suffering from ADHD are often unable to follow directions and remain focused, which can lead to poor grades and low self-esteem. They may also struggle in social relationships because they are unable to read social signals. They are often disruptive to others and come across as violent or intense. They are at risk for anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and relationship issues.
People who suffer from mild ADHD have symptoms that are evident but do not interfere with their lives or make it difficult to work or maintain relationships. People with severe or moderate ADHD are more likely to experience symptoms and are more likely to suffer problems with work, for example, difficulty keeping jobs, interacting with coworkers, or maintaining relationships.
People who don't receive treatment can face serious consequences, including health issues, financial problems and legal issues. There are many treatments for ADHD that include behavioral therapy and psychosocial interventions, diet and nutrition, exercise, medication for sleep, and other treatments. NIMH has more information on these options and how you can talk with your family members about them.